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Bargain Income Stocks with Room to Run

By Carla Pasternak
Editor, High-Yield Investing
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Published:  Nov. 30, 2004

Editor's Note: In each monthly issue of her High-Yield Investing newsletter, experienced analyst Carla Pasternak introduces her readers to several new high-quality income-producing investment ideas. In her December 2004 issue she used advanced screening techniques to uncover a list of attractive income stocks that are now trading at bargain-basement prices. Below you'll find a short excerpt from that issue...

Stocks have rallied to near record levels in the recent bull market. The broad-based Dow Jones Wilshire 5000 Index, which tracks most U.S.-based stocks, hit an all-time high earlier this month. Meanwhile, the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio for the S&P 500 Index is nearly 21X the past year's earnings. Compared to its long-term historic average of 16X earnings, the benchmark index is richly valued right now.

The problem is that stocks, like most other things in life, tend to revert to their historic norms. When prices trade considerably above their historic levels, they have little room to move. Based on the current P/E valuation, Standard & Poor's expects stocks in the index to rise by only +6% over the next 12 months. 

Bottom Fishing with Price-to-Book (P/B)
With this in mind, in today's screen we decided to zero in on deeply undervalued dividend stocks that have plenty of room to move higher in the months ahead. Finding an undervalued stock that's likely to move higher is the essence of stock picking. And while price-to-earnings (P/E) is the most commonly used valuation metric, investors seeking really deep value stocks often find price-to-book (P/B) ratios invaluable.

A company's book value is simply what investors would get if the firm sold all its assets, paid its debts, and went out of business. If a company has $1 million in assets (such as plants and equipment) and $600,000 in liabilities (such as bank debt), then it has a book value of $400,000. The simplest way to find book value, or what a company's worth, is to look at Total Stockholder Equity on the balance sheet.

In reality, finding a company's true liquidation value is a little more complicated than simply looking at a company's balance sheet. Company assets are often held on the books at prices that do not accurately reflect their current resale value. Nonetheless, the price-to-book value ratio gives you a rough measure of how closely a firm's share price reflects the underlying company's net worth.

Price-to-book (P/B) values are usually shown on a per share basis. When you compare a company's book value per share to its market value -- or share price -- you get a quick fix on whether the shares are reasonably priced. A simple example will show how the ratio works. Let's say you were considering buying a house that was on the market for $600,000. However, the land and house were appraised at a value of $200,000. Would you be willing to pay triple the appraised value, even if you thought real estate prices could rise in the coming years?

This example carries over the same way with share prices. In other words, the higher the price-to-book ratio, the more you are paying for the company's assets. As a rule of thumb, a price-to-book of 1 or less shows good value (if the firm is otherwise solid and growing). The average price-to-book for S&P 500 components is about 3, and stocks that sell above that figure may be overpriced. 

Look at Maytag
As an example, let's take a quick look at Maytag (MYG, $20.06), for instance. Value-seeking investors might think they have spotted a perfect buying opportunity here. The appliance maker's price-to-earnings (P/E) is only 13X next year's earnings, the stock is yielding a tempting 3.7%, and the shares have already declined nearly -25% in the past year. 

However, a more in-depth analysis reveals that the stock is selling at a huge premium to the value of its assets. Its price-to-book of 39 is more than six times the industry average and ten times above the market's. This serves as a warning flag that the stock may be overvalued. And looking at the fundamentals even further, the company is losing market share, its debt has been downgraded to junk status, and its latest quarterly earnings plummeted -80% from the year before. MYG's extraordinary price-to-book is a red flag that investors would do well to heed. 

Fine-tuning Price-to-Book
Price-to-book gives a quick way to uncover undervalued stocks, but it is still a rough measure. To really separate the wheat from the chaff, a better measure is price-to-tangible book. What is "tangible book"? A company's book value is based on two very different asset types. Tangible assets are physical or financial, such as equipment or cash. Intangible assets are things that are harder to measure, such as goodwill or patents. Legendary investment guru Benjamin Graham argued that only tangible assets should be taken into account when measuring book value. (He did say, though, that there may be times when intangibles such as goodwill should be considered, if their value can be correctly determined.)

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A Rigorous Screen
To find quality stocks that are selling at reasonable prices relative to their book value, we used our "Income-Plus" software to search for stocks with a book value of no more than 50% above their share price. That figure would give a stock a price-to-book of 1.5 -- less than half the norm for stocks in the S&P 500. Once we found stocks with a below average price-to-book ratios, we took the next step and weeded out any stocks with a price-to-tangible book of more than 2.0. That's well below the average multiple of 7 for S&P 500 stocks. 

Other criteria that we used to find solid stocks that are selling at bargain-basement prices included:

-- Market capitalization of at least $500 million. Stocks with that kind of size should have a sufficient number of shares to be easily traded.
-- Dividend yield of at least 1.5%, to make the stock an attractive addition to an income portfolio. 
-- Earnings growth for the past five years, for next year, and projected for the next five years of no less than +5%. These criteria helped us zero in on firms with proven growth records and positive outlooks.
-- Debt to equity (D/E) of no more than 1.5, to eliminate firms with heavy debt loads.

Out of our universe of some 10,000 stocks that trade on U.S. exchanges, only 12 met the stringent criteria we outlined above. Here's what we found:

Company Symbol Price Yield P/B
American Financial AFG $32.06 1.6% 1.0
Bob Evans BOBE $25.36 1.9% 1.4
Cincinnati Financial CINF $44.72 2.5% 1.2
Fresh Del Monte FDP $27.49 2.9% 1.5
Kinder Morgan Mgmt. KMR $41.58 7.1% 1.5
MBIA Inc. MBI $60.24 1.6% 1.3
MCG Capital MCGC $17.74 9.5% 1.5
Old Republic ORI $25.04 2.1% 1.2
Pep Boys PBY $14.85 1.8% 1.1
Selective Insurance SIGI $44.40 1.7% 1.5
SPX Corp. SPW $41.98 2.4% 1.5
Union Pacific UNP $63.41 1.9% 1.3

One caveat: When you find a deep value stock, you may have to sit on it for a while until it hatches. It could take time for the market to be convinced of a stock's growth potential. But since all the stocks in our list also pay attractive dividends, shareholders should be well rewarded while they wait.

From this list of a dozen stocks, we handpicked a few that are trading at a wide discount to their historical pricing levels, as highlighted below...

Important Note:  To view the remainder of this article, in which Carla Pasternak provides an in-depth analysis of several of her top picks from the list above,  you'll need to subscribe to our premium High-Yield Investing newsletter.  Please visit one of the following links to continue...


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Please Note: The above article was merely a small excerpt from an issue of our premium income newsletter -- High-Yield Investing.  In each issue Carla Pasternak presents a wealth of information and timely investment ideas to help you earn a steady income stream from your investments.  To receive a complimentary three-week trial or to learn more about our High-Yield Investing service, please visit the following link:  http://www.StreetAuthority.com/subscribe.asp#hy


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